Inequality Between Aboriginals and Non-Aboriginals Living...

It can be said without a doubt that the indigenous peoples of Canada have had to undergo much turmoil in order to reach the point that they are at today. When one looks at the timeline of events and the laws implemented since the arrival of the Europeans in North America it can be considered a miracle that so many aspects of the rich culture and tradition of these people have survived to see today. It is a blessing that these people have been able to pass down the languages, cultural and societal beliefs, as well as their stories from generation to generation so that the people of North America and the world today may be able to know and study these civilized and multifaceted cultures. The First Nations people of Canada have had to go†¦show more content†¦So if these students are guaranteed an education and only 31% are graduating then we must ask ourselves just why that is. Is it perhaps because â€Å"until very recently, First Nations schools did not receive funding to pr ovide services for students† (Kavanagh, 2006) in schools on reserves, or rather because the aboriginal students in schools off reserve they are â€Å"inevitably treated as outsiders† (Kuokkanen, 2007). So when First Nations students try to gain their ‘guaranteed’ education on reserve—in a setting where they are presumably most comfortable as they are able to learn more about their own cultures when compared to off reserve schools—they are not given the funding to have the same opportunities as in a school located off of a reserve. And yet still when they go off reserve to acquire their education they are treated as if they should not be there. In all reality it can be said that anyone in the same situation would drop out of school as well as they are receiving a compromised education either way. The purpose of education is to provide all children with the tools to reach their fullest potential. Realistically educational systems have failed (and have been set up this way) to exclude various groups based upon race, gender, orientation and social class. This is the history that education is trying to deal with, and overcome (Roland, 2009). These issues have become highly apparent inShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Act Of 18671683 Words   |  7 Pageshow Canadian government policies would address and affect Aboriginal populations. In contrast to the spiritual and traditional lives of the Aboriginal people, the new European settlers sought to conquer nature and shed traditional values in order to contrive industrialization in Canada; hence, post-confederation policies were largely based on the upper Canadian model. Furthermore, the failure of European settlers to coexist with the Aboriginal populations led to several attempts at civilizing the indigenousRead MoreHistory Of Violence Against Aboriginal Women1068 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of violence against Aboriginal women in Canada No analysis of violence against Indigenous women can be made without first looking at colonization as the antipasto of the conflict (Cooper Salomons 2010). â€Å"It is thus paramount to understand the context of colonisation in Canada in order to begin to understand the structural problems and barriers that lead to serious numbers of missing and murder Indigenous women in Canada.† (Cooper Salomons 2010, 31). When the Europeans first came to â€Å"turtleRead MoreIndigenous Development in Canada1706 Words   |  7 Pages Before we analyse the data of the health indicators and data in Aboriginal communities, we must recognise the sheer diversity of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada - who are so dispersed across the nation. This this severely limits our interpretation of data on Aboriginal communities as, there is little data on Aboriginal people who do not live on Aboriginal reservations in Canada (Cardwell and Wilson: 2005). Furthermore, the data that is often used in empirical studies of indigenous communitiesRead MoreHealth Status of Aboriginal People in Ontario1563 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Status of Aboriginal people in Ontario By: Taylor Veran Health Careers and Informatics Lorrie Lough November 1st, 2012 The majority of health issues that the Aboriginal community faces are related directly and indirectly to social, economic, cultural and political areas. Infrastructure, housing, employment, income, environmental and education are connected to the individual and community based effects of health. The health status of aboriginals in Ontario is very poor. ThereRead MoreSociological Perspective On Health And The Health Care Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagessocial conditions, and implications evident in Canadian health. Class conflicts with the control of power and the relationship between the employers and employees. It enhances the inequality evident in workplaces and the social stratification; ranking one by their assets. Materialism portrays that society is a social consensus rather than a conflict. However, this conflicts between the rich and the poor. Therefore, the healthcare impacts the minority, and affects it the most. Since the rich have an advantageRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Respiratory Diseases Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages Table 1. Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases in percent (%) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal population aged 12 or older, Canada (2005). Condition Aboriginal Non-aboriginal All Men Women All Men Women Asthma 11.7 9.8 13.5 8.3 6.8 9.6 Bronchitis 4.9 3.5* 6.2 2.4 1.9 3.0 Emphysema 1.0* 1.3* 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 COPD 0.6* n/a n/a 0.7 0.7 0.7 All respiratory diseases 15.2 13.3 17.0 10.4 9.0 11.9 Data Source: Centre for Rural Northern Health Research 2010; using data from the 2005 Canadian CommunityRead MoreThe Conflict Theory By Karl Marx Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesCommonly known as a mixture of the First Nations, Inuit and Mà ©tis, the aboriginal people are the native inhabitants of Canada. The aboriginal culture has lived on for centuries, and has influenced Canada’s language, social structure and overall evolution of the land we live on today. As of the 2011 Canadian Census, over 1.4 million people have identified themselves as an Aboriginal person – roughly 4.5% of Canada’s total population. While that statistic may not be that high, it’s extraordinary howRead MoreThe World Health Organization Defines Violence Against Women1307 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurring in public or in private life† (2014). Aboriginal women are three times more likely to experience physical abuse than non-Aboriginal women, and this was found to be true regar dless of whether the offense was spousal or non-spousal violence (Brownridge, 2003). A key contributor to the violence these women face is rooted within colonization, which essentially left the Aboriginal people in a world saturated with inequality. The colonization of Canada led to a great number of alterations to theRead MoreThe Housing Conditions For Aboriginal People1017 Words   |  5 PagesGCE Assignment Aboriginals in Canada are also known as indigenous people. They consist of First Nations, Mà ©tis and Inuit. Approximately 4.3% of the Canadian population is considered Aboriginal. Most of them can be found in the province of Ontario. However, even though they have a strong presence in the country’s population, they have and still do go through a variety of issues. One of those issues would be education. The gap between Aboriginals and other Canadians on school-related achievementsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Aboriginal Youth Sport Participation By Utilizing Hirschi s Understanding Of Social Control826 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: This research seeks to investigate the relationship between Aboriginal youth sport participation by utilizing Hirschi’s understanding of social control theory. In addition, the fundamental links between gender and health will also be examined within the context of Aboriginal youth participation in sport. Drawing from the Aboriginal P eoples Survey, the results of this study illustrate a strong association between sport participation and the internalization of other societal bonds postulated

Ancient Sudan (Nubia) - 1715 Words

AFRS 2206 Section 001 Essay #2 Dr. Tanure Ojaide August 1, 2012 The Nubians Who are the Nubians? Nubians are people of northern Sudan and southern Egypt. Their history and traditions can be traced to the dawn of civilization. They settled first along the banks of the Nile from Aswan. Along the Nile, they developed one of the oldest and greatest civilizations in Africa until they lost their last kingdom five centuries ago. The Nubians remained as the main rivals to the homeland of Africa’s earliest black culture with a history that can be traced from 3800 B.C. onward through the monuments and artifacts. Ancient Nubia was a land of great natural wealth, gold mines, ebony, ivory and incense that its neighbors always prized. Sudan had†¦show more content†¦The city of Napata gained its fame from the religious significance of Gebel Barkal. The Egyptians promoted the belief the primary form of their god dwelt inside the pure mountain Gebel Barkal. Egypt’s sun-god Amun was represented as either a man with a ram head or as a crowned ram with a solar disk. It seems as though the Egyptians identified their pre-existing god from the land of Nubia as a local form of their own supreme god Amun who was considered to be the important source of the royal power of Egypt and Kush. The city of Meroe located on the east bank of the Nile, was the second urban center of the binary kingdoms of Kush. This city became the permanent royal residence of the Kushite Kings of Napata in the fifth century BC. Nubian pottery from the earliest periods represented the basic plastic material employed in Nubia and Egypt. Primitive drawings and engravings on Nubian pottery had a form identified of some geometric and symbolic patterns. These forms have been used on the surface of decorated pottery such as circles, squares, or triangles which represented the initial signs of most ancient civilizations. During the Neolithic period, people of this time covered their tools and pottery products with different forms, not particular ly of art, but rather for recording their idea of life. Although these forms represent hidden symbols with no clear meaning, its purpose or goal was to help unleash the human mind while imagining itsShow MoreRelatedThe Artistic And Architectural Evidence For The Nubian Assimilation Of Egyptian Forms And Ideas934 Words   |  4 Pagesassimilation of Egyptian forms and ideas. Nubians art and architecture is traced back hundreds of years. They urbanized one of the oldest and utmost civilizations in their region until they lost their last empire years ago. Nubia was a land of expected wealth and prosperity and Sudan had remained the main home of Nubians through their long history, but many live in Egypt today. Nubian art impacted Egyptian Art through their past art and architecture, one can see how glorious and influential these groupRead MoreThe Culture I Have Chosen1273 Words   |  6 PagesNubian language meaning â€Å"slaves† or ancient Egyptian word nab meaning â€Å"gold†. It was a meaning for gold because the Nubian Valley had gold mines area surrounding the valley. To some scholars, Nubians are also referred as Kushites because of the Kingdom of Kush. The Nubians originated form present-day Sudan and Egypt. The Nubia region was in the southern part of Egypt and northern part of Sudan. Nubia was also broken into two parts, the Lower N ubia region and Upper Nubia region. Today, most of the NubianRead MoreSub-Saharan Africa: A Vibrant, Diverse, and Intriguing Region of the World1409 Words   |  6 Pagestowns, and many people from the ancient world made their way to and from there via the Sahara desert. Ancient Nubia, which is a sub-Saharan region that comprises Sudan and Ethiopia today, was a huge source of gold for the ancient world, and was much visited by the Persians, the Romans, and other ancient cultures. The Nubians also built a lot of pyramids. Rather than the better known Egypt being the epicenter of pyramid building in ancient times, it was sub-Saharan Nubia. In fact, the region still hasRead MoreInteraction Between Humans And The Environment1425 Words   |  6 Pagesdesert was a grassy steppe land. Humans prospered by hunting wild cattle, collecting grains, or catching fish. After about 9000 BCE, people of eastern Sudan domesticated cattle and became nomadic herders. †¢ After 5000 BCE, the northern half of Africa became hot and dry, driving humans and animals to gather around bodies of water. Both Egypt and Nubia relied heavily on agriculture at least by 5000 BCE. At first, Egyptians easily cultivated, while Nubians had to create fields. Eventually, demographicRead MoreEssay about The Kingdom of Nubia: Modern Day Sudan939 Words   |  4 Pages Sudan, in ancient times was the kingdom of Nubia. Nubia was Egyptian, ruled around 2600 B.C. Sudan has had quite a diverse and interesting past shaping the country to what we now call Sudan. From the civil, war of the National Islamic Front and the People’s Liberation Army to the discovery of oil. Southern and Northern Sudan is rich in history, culture, and population diversity. I picked Sudan to learn more about my friends, and to put meaning to what they went through as United State refugees.Read MoreGold And The Gods : Jewels Of Ancient Nubia1557 Words   |  7 PagesJewels from Tombs of Ancient Nubia Include Rare Works of Gold and Precious Materials BOSTON, MA (June 23, 2014)—A world-class collection of jewels from ancient Nubia at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA), will go on view this summer in Gold and the Gods: Jewels of Ancient Nubia. The MFA’s collection of Nubian adornments is the most comprehensive outside Khartoum—the result of an early 20th-century expedition by the Museum with Harvard University. The exhibition opens on July 19, and includesRead MoreAncient History Practice Test Essay2381 Words   |  10 Pagesand eventually defected to the Hittites. The Amurru kingdom was destroyed by the Sea Peoples around 1200 B.C. 2. Napata - Napata was a city-state of ancient Nubia on the west bank of the Nile River, at the site of modern Karima, Northern Sudan. It was founded by Thutmose III in the 15th century BC after his conquest of Nubia. 3. Gaza (ancient) - The name Gaza is first known from military records of Thutmose III of Egypt in the 15th century BC. It is located on the Mediterranean coastal routeRead MoreDesign And Innovation : The Sphinx Of Taharqo1171 Words   |  5 Pagesserved as the storehouse for many iconic discoveries over the centuries (Caleca, 1979). With a collection of almost 8 million artifacts and historical objects, it s hard to choose one. Each object has its own value in the museum and reflects the ancient times (Caleca, 1979). In this paper, we will be discussing the artifact called The Sphinx of Tharaqo† that is preserved in the British Museum. HISTORY OF THE OBJECT: Sphinxes are generally considered as Egyptian icons. The most famous sphinx couldRead MoreAfrican Civilizations And The Spread Of Islam1745 Words   |  7 PagesSocieties: Diversity and Similarities – Stateless Societies - Common Elements in African Societies The Arrival of Islam in North Africa The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia Kingdom of the Grasslands Sudanic States The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the â€Å"Lion Prince† City Dwellers and Villagers The Songhay Kingdom Read MoreAncient Egyptian Art : A Visual Analysis Of Bastet And The Menat Of Taharqo1267 Words   |  6 Pages Cats in Ancient Egyptian Art: A Visual Analysis of Bastet and the Menat of Taharqo: the King Being Nursed by the Lion-Headed Goddess Bastet The ancient Egyptians are known for their fondness for animals, and the cat was a favorite household companion. Cats were common in ancient Egyptian art that depicted domestic scenes since they were greatly appreciated as killers of rodents, snakes, scorpions, ect. Typically homes with cats had less sickness, and fewer deaths. But beyond these roles, cats were

To Study of the Law of the Constitution Free Essays

Introduction A V Dicey described the rule of law as â€Å"one of two pillars upon which our constitution rests, the other being the sovereignty of parliament.† [1] This immediately brings emphasis to the view that ourUK constitution values the rule of law as well as considering parliamentary sovereignty as a supreme component of our Country’s constitution. The question however, lies in whether parliament has the absolute power to ‘legally legislate on any topic whatever which, in the judgment of parliament, is a fit subject for legislation,’ or conversely, a contradictory argument is much more valid. We will write a custom essay sample on To Study of the Law of the Constitution or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, I will take Her Majesty’s words of enactment into account, which conferred that, our present assembly of Parliament, has the authority to create legislation with the consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal. This implies Parliament has the power to â€Å"make or unmake law whatever, and no body or person is recognised by the Law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of parliament,†[2] as Dicey well defined in his rule of law theory. Evidently, this supports the basis of my argument that Parliament has the sovereignty of power to create or dismiss law and no Political MP or common man, has the capacity to do so. Furthermore, there is much to support the view that the doctrine of supremacy lies in the hands of Parliament. The courts ascribe Acts of Parliament to have legal force which â€Å"other instruments for one reason or another fall short of being an Act of Parliament.† This superlatively supports Dicey’s statement above â€Å"no power which, under the English constitution, can come into rivalry with the legislative sovereignty of parliament.’ However, in terms of rivalry the courts referred to treaties entered under prerogative powers, by-laws created by a local authority, order in council, the Scottish parliament or the Northern Ireland Assembly. Yet, it is justifiable to a very large extent, Parliament has unlimited power in the constitutional affairs of the United Kingdom. The Septennial Act (1715) which Parliament passed to â€Å"extend the life of parliament from three to seven years.† [3] Furthermore, the amendments which Parliament made through the Parliament Acts (1911) and (1949) to hold â€Å"a general election at least every five years.†[4] As well as, amending its own composition and bills as set out in the 1911 Act. These were the initial legal changes which gave rise to Parliament’s supremacy to legislate on any matter which is ‘a fit subject for legislation.’ Additionally, through the Act of Settlement (1701) and the Abdication Act (1936), Parliament made a remarkable change through the succession of the throne. The courts who have a role to interpret and apply Acts of Parliament affirmed that only Acts have legal force. Dicey’s first principle on the rule of law can be supported from above. In addition, Parliament being able to legislate retrospectively strengthens the view that ‘parliament can make or unmake any law it chooses.’ In the case Burmah Oil co v Lord Advocate (1965)[5] Parliament exercised its power to introduce another Act, the War Damages Act (1965) as the decision to overturn the House of Lords decision became crucial to prevent theUK suffering a huge financial drain, at the time of the World Wars. This exemplifies Parliament being able to legislate with no legal limits as such. Thereby, supporting Dicey’s statement above. Now I will bear relevance to Dicey’s second principle which states â€Å"Courts are constitutionally subordinate to parliament.† The rationale for courts to be constitutionally lower than parliament is that Bills do not have legal force, it is Acts that do. Therefore, the stages that a bill must pass to become an Act clearly imply Parliament has greater supremacy, on the grounds, the courts cannot make law. However, they do have the authority to enforce law which has already been an Act. Moreover, the Enrolled Act rule legally permits the courts to amend legislation which parliament cannot change. The case Edinburgh and Dalkeith co V Wauchope (1842) [6]gave rise to this rule, as Wauchope set out to challenge Parliament as a result of the Private Act affecting Wauchope’s rights against the railway company. Challenge was rejected, as Parliament refused the introduction of the bill into parliament through standing orders of the House of Commons. The legislative authority of Parliament was evident in this case. On the other hand, Lord Reid in the case Madizimbamuto v Lardner Burke [1969] â€Å"it would be unconstitutional for the United Kingdom parliament to do certain things.†[7] The implication of this was clear, it would be unconstitutional for Parliament to legislate for other governments likeRhodesia. However, Parliament may do such things if it wishes to do so, as it is much evident the supreme power remains with parliament. This strongly supports Dicey’s rule of principle. On the contrary, Sir Glanville Williams (1947) argued that, â€Å"no statute can confer this power upon Parliament, for this would be to assume and Act on the very power that is to be conferred.† [8] This implicates statute cannot form sovereignty, opposing the the sovereignty parliament being able to legislate, both ‘prospectively and retrospectively, to be noted from above.’[9] Conversely, the dismissal which took place in the case Cheney V Conn (1968) due to illegal taxes, allowed Ungoed –Thomas J to proclaim â€Å"it is the law which prevails over every other form of law†[10] subsequently, ‘what the statute enacts cannot be unlawful because the statute is the law.’[11] In opposition of Dicey’s statement above, Dicey’s third rule of principle highlights certain limitations on the legislative power of Parliament. In the view that, ‘Parliament cannot bind its successors or be bound by its predecessors.’ Primarily because Parliamentary sovereignty is protected by two doctrines, express repeal and implied repeal. Implied repeal in context for instance, states that if there were to be a conflict between two Acts, one previous and one repealed, then the rule applies that the last of two Acts passed at separate times, it is the most recent Act which must be obeyed. Therefore, Parliament must cohere to this rule. However, the key limitations which have been argued to challenge the sovereignty of parliament are the Human Rights Act [1998], Devolution ofScotlandandWales, the Treaty of Union (1707) and the European Communities Act (1972). The Human Rights Act [1998] seeks to protect human rights against legislation by later Parliaments. So it could be justified as a limitation for Parliament to pronounce a lawful decision such as ‘all blue eyed babies should be killed.’ Also, since the devolution of the UK Parliament[12], devolving powers toScotland as ruled in the Scotland Act (1998), Northern Ireland Act (1998) and Government of Wales Act (1998), this may contradict Dicey’s statement above. AsWales,Scotland andNorthern Ireland have the power to legislate on certain matters such as Education-student tuition fees; this possibly means ‘Parliament cannot legislate on any topic whatever’ unless, the powers were to be taken away, which could in theory happen. Seeing as,Westminster still holds the supreme power. Yet, the process is likely to be time consuming. Additionally, it could be reasoned that Parliament’s powers have been limited since the Treat of Union (1707) came into existence. On the basis that, the treaty of union was introduced to unite the two kingdomsEnglandandScotland, with the belief that, there was a union of equals. Implying thatScotlandis somewhat equal toEngland. They could argue, the Treaty of Union is a higher form of law and may prevail over inconsistent Acts of Parliament. In historical context, the sovereignty of Parliament was seen in a different light as it is today. Coke CJ in the case of Bonham (1610) 8 co Rep [13] asserted that, Common Law was a higher form of law than an Act of Parliament. However, this judgment was formed when the monarch had greater legislative and judicial power than Acts of Parliament. Since 1714, there has been a reversal of constitutional affairs; consequently this justifies the power of parliament to ‘legally legislate on any topic whatever, which is a fit subject for legislation.’ Conclusion In conclusion, after evaluating all the limitations above, it would be rightly justified to say that a majority would agree that they were political rather than legal limits imposed on parliament’s sovereignty of power. Thereby, with the supported arguments above, it seems right to agree on A V Dicey’s statement above as there was greater validity. How to cite To Study of the Law of the Constitution, Essay examples